Pad Kra Pao (Thai basil chicken)

Introduction

Pad Kra Pao, or Thai basil chicken, is a beloved and iconic street food dish that originates from Thailand. Known for its bold flavors, aromatic herbs, and quick preparation, it’s a staple in Thai households and restaurants alike. The dish is a stir-fry of minced or ground chicken with holy basil, chili, garlic, and other seasonings, resulting in a savory, slightly spicy, and fragrant meal that pairs perfectly with steamed rice. Whether eaten for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, Pad Kra Pao is a go-to comfort dish that captures the essence of Thai cuisine.

The History

Pad Kra Pao has its roots in traditional Thai cooking, where stir-frying ingredients over high heat was a common method to preserve flavor and texture. While its exact origin is unclear, the dish gained widespread popularity in the 20th century, especially as a fast and flavorful way to use ground meat. Over time, variations emerged using different proteins like pork, beef, or tofu, but the classic version remains chicken. Street vendors and home cooks alike have passed down the recipe through generations, making it a national favorite.

Ingredients Breakdown

The key to a successful Pad Kra Pao lies in the quality and balance of its ingredients:

• Ground Chicken – Lean but flavorful, it provides the base of the dish and absorbs the seasonings well.
• Holy Basil (Kra Pao) – This is the star herb, known for its peppery and slightly minty flavor. It’s essential for authenticity.
• Bird’s Eye Chilies – Adds the signature Thai heat. Adjust quantity based on spice preference.
• Garlic – Enhances the savory depth of the dish.
• Shallots or Onion – Adds sweetness and texture.
• Fish Sauce – The primary seasoning, offering a salty, umami-rich flavor.
• Oyster Sauce – Adds body and a touch of sweetness.
• Dark Soy Sauce – For color and a subtle sweetness.
• Optional: Egg – Often added as a fried egg on top for richness and contrast.

Step-by-Step Recipe

1. Prepare Ingredients: Mince garlic, slice shallots, chop holy basil, and measure seasonings.
2. Heat Wok: Use a wok or large skillet over high heat and add a small amount of oil.
3. Stir-Fry Aromatics: Add garlic and chilies first, sauté briefly until fragrant.
4. Add Meat: Toss in the ground chicken and cook until browned and nearly cooked through.
5. Season: Pour in fish sauce, oyster sauce, and a splash of dark soy sauce. Mix well.
6. Incorporate Vegetables: Stir in shallots and continue cooking until the chicken is fully done.
7. Add Basil: Toss in holy basil leaves and stir-fry for another 30 seconds until wilted and aromatic.
8. Serve: Transfer to a plate and top with a fried egg if desired. Serve immediately with steamed rice.

Tips

• Cook over high heat to achieve the signature smoky wok flavor.
• Use fresh holy basil for the best flavor. Thai basil can be substituted in a pinch.
• Don’t overcook the basil—it should remain slightly crisp and vibrant.
• If the mixture becomes too dry, add a splash of water or broth to loosen it up.
• For extra depth, add a pinch of sugar or a splash of soy sauce to balance the flavors.

Variations and Customizations

• Protein Swap: Use ground pork, beef, or even tofu for a vegetarian version.
• Add Veggies: Green beans, bell peppers, or mushrooms can be added for extra texture and nutrition.
• Egg Option: Crack an egg directly into the pan at the end and cook until just set for a creamy finish.
• Spice Level: Adjust the number of chilies or use chili flakes for convenience.
• Soy-Based Option: Use vegetarian fish sauce or tamari for a vegan-friendly version.

Health Considerations and Nutritional Value

Pad Kra Pao is a relatively healthy dish, especially when made with lean chicken and minimal oil. Here’s a breakdown of its nutritional benefits:

• High in Protein: Ground chicken provides a good source of lean protein.
• Low Carb: Naturally low in carbohydrates, making it suitable for keto or low-carb diets.
• Rich in Vitamins: Holy basil contains antioxidants and may help reduce inflammation.
• Healthy Fats: Minimal oil usage keeps the fat content low, and any added fat is usually heart-healthy vegetable oil.
• Sodium Watch: Fish sauce and soy sauce are high in sodium—use reduced-sodium versions if watching salt intake.

Ingredients

• 500g (1 lb) ground chicken
• 2–3 bird’s eye chilies, sliced (adjust to taste)
• 3 cloves garlic, minced
• 1 small onion or shallot, finely chopped
• 1 cup fresh holy basil leaves
• 2 tbsp fish sauce
• 1 tbsp oyster sauce
• 1 tsp dark soy sauce
• 1 tbsp vegetable oil
• Optional: 1 egg, fried
• Rice, for serving

Directions

1. Prepare all ingredients before starting, as this dish cooks quickly.
2. Heat a wok or large skillet over high heat and add the oil.
3. Add garlic and chilies, stir-fry for 10–15 seconds until fragrant.
4. Add ground chicken and cook, breaking it apart with a spatula until browned and nearly cooked through.
5. Stir in fish sauce, oyster sauce, and dark soy sauce.
6. Add the chopped shallots and continue cooking for another 1–2 minutes until the chicken is fully cooked.
7. Toss in holy basil leaves and stir-fry for about 30 seconds until wilted and aromatic.
8. Serve immediately over steamed rice, with a fried egg on top if desired.

FAQ

Can I use regular basil instead of holy basil?

Holy basil has a more peppery and anise-like flavor compared to sweet basil. If unavailable, Thai basil is a closer substitute. Regular sweet basil is not recommended as it won’t provide the same taste.

How can I make this dish spicier or milder?

Adjust the number of chilies used. For extra heat, add a few drops of chili oil or leave the seeds in the chilies. For milder flavor, remove the seeds or use fewer chilies.

Can I make Pad Kra Pao ahead of time?

It’s best served fresh, as the basil wilts quickly. However, you can store leftovers in the fridge for 1–2 days and reheat on the stovetop for best results.

Is Pad Kra Pao gluten-free?

Most ingredients are gluten-free, but traditional fish sauce and soy sauce may contain gluten. Use gluten-free versions if needed.

What can I substitute for fish sauce?

Use soy sauce, tamari, or vegetarian fish sauce. Keep in mind the flavor will change slightly.

Summary

Pad Kra Pao is a quick and flavorful Thai dish made with ground chicken, holy basil, and aromatic seasonings. It’s a delicious, protein-packed meal that’s perfect for any time of day and easy to customize to your taste.